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Sudan

Situated in Northeast Africa, covering 1,886,068 square kilometers, Sudan is the third-largest country in Africa and the Arab League. The country shares the same borders with the Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, and Sudan. Sudan gained independence in 1956 but experienced conflicts and a military dictatorship. It became a secular state in 2020 and faces developmental challenges due to its agrarian economy and high poverty rates.

Sudan experienced significant economic growth, fueled by oil profits, making it the 17th-fastest-growing economy in 2010. Despite facing international sanctions, the country's development was notable. However, when South Sudan which held the majority of Sudan's oilfields broke away, Sudan entered a phase of stagflation. GDP growth slowed, and inflation remained high.

Even before the secession, Sudan faced economic challenges, but its GDP steadily grew, including during the war in Darfur. Oil was a primary export, but the independence of South Sudan led to a decline in oil production under the Sudanese government's control. However, production has partially recovered.

The Sudanese pound is the currency of Sudan, divided into 100 piastres and issued by the Central Bank of Sudan. The pound has faced challenges, particularly due to economic sanctions imposed by the United States. The currency experienced a significant decline. This situation, coupled with failed actions by the Central Bank and a severe liquidity shortage, resulted in substantial economic losses for Sudan. Since the secession of South Sudan, Sudan has struggled with a shortage of foreign exchange, leading to a depreciation of the Sudanese pound against the US dollar. 

The Sudan Currency Board introduced various notes in April 1957. The Bank of Sudan took over note production in 1961. 20, 50, and 100-pound notes were introduced in subsequent years. The Sudanese dinar replaced the first Sudanese pound in 1992, and in 2007, the second Sudanese pound was introduced at a rate of 1:100. New banknotes, such as 100, 200, 500, 1,000, were issued in different years, as the country faced economic crises and cash shortages.

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